Monday, August 20

Phrsal Verbs (Advanced)

I am going to bring in (introduce) three new characters into our blog, as my helpers! They are Coco, Mog, and Vivi .

I'm sorry I am late. The bus has been held back (delayed)because of road works.
It's OK, the tennis match has been call off (cancel)anyway.
What brought that about (happened)?
Because of the rain.
I don't understand why they can't just put off (postpone)the match.
Me either, should we go to a cafe and sit down for a drink instead?
I frown on (disapprove/disagree), cafes in this area are a rip off (over-priced/expensive)!
In that case, why don't we come to my house for a drink?

There are thousands of phrasal verbs, they are mainly informal, so remember not to use them in an essay!

Robbie Elden

Collocation with Absolutely (Advanced)

Absolutely can be used with the following words to add emphasis to the adjective:
Absurd (Crazy), Awful, Brilliant, Certain, Crucial (important), Essential, Excellent, Furious (very angry), Massive, Right, Splendid, Vital...
Examples:
You are absolutely right.
The work was absolutely brilliant.
It is absolutely crucial that you listen to me!

Other words indicating extent includes: Almost, exclusively, predominantly, primarily, completely, utterly...

Robbie the Elf

Saturday, August 18

Poem-Songs of Innocence and of Experience (Advanced)

I am going to feature a few poems each month, so that you can learn English not only from me, but from some of the greatest poets! Words in bold will be explained after the poem.

Songs of Innocence and of Experience
by William Blake

Introduction

Piping down the valleys wild,
Piping songs of pleasant glee,
On a cloud I saw a child,
And he laughing said to me:


"Pipe a song about a Lamb!"
So I piped with merry chear.
"Piper, pipe that song again;"
So I piped: he wept to hear.


"Drop thy pipe, thy happy pipe;
Sing thy songs of happy chear!"
So I sung the same again,
While he wept with joy to hear.


"Piper, sit thee down and write
In a book, that all may read."
So he vanish'd from my sight,

And I pluck'd a hollow reed,


And I made a rural pen,
And I stain'd the water clear,
And I wrote my happy songs
Every child may joy to hear.


Vocabulary:

Piping - to pipe is to play the musical instrument pipe, there are a few different kinds of pipe, such as bagpipe, or the ones shown in the picture.
glee - happiness, delight, joy.
chear - it is the old spelling for cheer, meaning gladness.
Piper is a person who plays a piper.

wept - past tense of weep, meaning to express emotions usually, grief or sorrow.
vanish'd (vanished) - to disappear.
pluck'd (plucked) - to pull off.
reed - here it means a stalk, a tall grass with hollow stems, made into a reed pen, see photos.
stain'd (stained) - to discolour, to dirty; here it is rhetorical because the water should be clearer than anything else, but Blake is saying the Piper makes the "water clean".

Additional Information:

This is quite a hard poem to understand even for Advanced learners, partly because poets usually uses imaginary languages to create vivid images. Their language are not really the "standard" English, nevertheless, Blake employs mainly plain and direct language, so it shouldn't be that difficult to comprehend


To pay the piper is an idiom which means to pay the consequence of something, usually a nasty outcome of one's action


Robbie the Elf

Countable and uncountable nouns Part 2 (Inter)

Here's a table of what modifier you can use with countable and uncountable nouns:


Countable nouns

Uncountable nouns

A few

A little

----------------------

A little bit of

A lot of

Lots of

Many

Much


Examples:

I have seen a few horses today.

There is little information in the guide about this building.

I had a little bit of sugar with my tea this morning.

I've only got a little bit of work left.


There are a lot of books in the library.

He drank lots of beer tonight.


Never use "a" or "an" before a uncountable noun, instead you use a count noun + of: A piece of information; A carton of milk; A bit of advice; An item of news; A loaf of bread; A tube of toothpaste; A jar of jam; A cup of coffee…


Some nouns can be either countable or uncountable depending on the way they're used (e.g. sport, life…)


Robbie the Elf

Friday, August 17

Countable and uncountable nouns (Intermediate)

Countable and uncountable nouns are also known as Count nouns and mass nouns.

Countable nouns can be either singular (one only) or plural (more than one).
As the name suggests, you can count them, for example:
There are ten cows in the field.
There is a bird on the tree.

You use "many" with Countable nouns,
there are many cows in the field.


Uncountable nouns are neither singular nor plural. You cannot count them: fun, work, grass... You cannot count fun, one fun ten fun

Uncountable nouns goes with a singular verb:
The work is repetitive.
The grass is green.
The water is clean.

You use "much" with Countable nouns,
I have so much work to do!

Some common uncountable nouns: money, butter, soap, music, litter, milk, sugar, water, bread, furniture, scenery, traffic, weather, literature, behavior, advice, information, travel, accommodation, litter, rubbish, oil, cake, ice cream...(post more by commenting on this post)

Robbie the Elf

P.S. For advanced learners, you might have realised that all abstract nouns are uncountable.